Active user detection is a standard problem that concernsmany applications using random access channels in cellular orad hocnetworks. Despite being known for a long time, such a detection prob-lem is complex, and standard algorithms for blind detection have to tradebetween high computational complexity and detection error probability.Traditional algorithms rely on various theoretical frameworks, includingcompressive sensing and bayesian detection, and lead to iterative algo-rithms, e.g. orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). However, none of thesealgorithms have been proven to achieve optimal performance.This paper proposes a deep learning based algorithm (NN-MAP) able toimprove on the performance of state-of-the-art algorithm while reducingdetection time, with a codebook known at training time.
Authors: Cyrille Morin (Inria), Diane Duchemin (Inria), Claire GOURSAUD (CITI INRIA), Jean-Marie Gorce (CITI INSA-Lyon), Leonardo Cardoso (Insa-Lyon),
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In this paper, spectrum sensing techniques with dynamic primary user (PU) are considered in the environment of Laplacian noise. It means the PU may not be present or absent during the whole sensing time. However, PU arrives or departs randomly in the sensing time interval. We consider three different detection schemes such as energy detection, absolute value cumulation detection (AVCD) and improved AVCD (i-AVCD). We present the performance in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and detection probability versus average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using simulations. We conclude that the detection performance in the dynamic scenario is better than the performance in the static scenario, when the arrival/departure parameter ($\theta_{A}T$/$\theta_{D}T$) is beyond one, where $\theta_A$ and $\theta_D$ are corresponding to arrival rate and departure rate of the PU respectively, and $T$ is the sampling interval. Furthermore, the i-AVCD scheme outperforms AVCD and energy detection in the considered scenario.
Authors: Yogesh Trivedi (Nirma University), Khushboo Sinha (Nirma University),
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This work proposes a tool for topology sensing of a non-collaborative packet-based wireless network using over-the-air signals captured by radio-frequency (RF) sensors. Assuming that most of the network's features are unknown (i.e., the number of nodes, their exact position, the traffic type, the communication protocol) and that observations are mixed because of the wireless medium, blind source separation (BSS) is used to separate traffic patterns. Then, to infer the topology, we detect directed data flows among nodes by identifying causal relationships between the separated transmitted patterns. Numerical results reveal that the proposed tool recovers the topology with good accuracy when operating in a mild shadowing regime, even with a relatively low number of RF sensors.
Authors: Enrico Testi (University of Bologna), Elia Favarelli (University of Bologna), Andrea Giorgetti (University of Bologna),
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The growing demand for opening the mobile market for location specific 5G networks has resulted in releasing new dedicated bands and employment of new regional licensing and sharing-based cognitive radio approaches for spectrum access, to allow the emergence of local networks to serve different verticals. New challenges are faced from the ever-increasing variety of considered spectrum bands with drastically different propagation characteristics and the increasing fragmentation of spectrum management approaches. While the standardization and development of technical solutions for network performance is progressing, less attention has been paid to the regulatory frameworks, including equipment authorization frameworks for the new industrial networks. With roots in engineering, policy and economics, this paper looks at business aspects related to novel spectrum management approaches, particularly scenarios of wireless equipment authorization through the lenses of business model framework. This paper provides an overview of radio authorization for mobile communication networks and develops a conceptual framework to depict and analyze authorization policies. The results indicate the strong impact the authorization frameworks have on the scalability and replicability of the business. This calls for novel models of governance and regulation that highlight utilization of harmonized, widely employed frequency bands and the associated technical requirements.
Authors: Pekka Ojanen (Co-Worker Technology Finland), Seppo Yrjölä (Nokia; University of Oulu),
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We consider the communication between a source (user) and a destination in the presence of a jammer with uncertainty on the jammer's parameters. Specifically, the jammer, in contrast to the user, has access to local information about jamming fading gain and jamming cost, what reflects the most dangerous scenarios of the user's communication. The problem is modeled as a Bayesian game. Existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium is proven. An algorithm based on bisection method to design the equilibrium is given.
Authors: Andrey Garnaev (WINLAB, Rutgers University),
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A software defined radio (SDR) approach to demonstrate the coexistence in Machine Type Communication (MTC) scenarios is presented. MTC in recent years has gained significant attention with its inclusion in the 5G business model. Spectrally efficient asynchronous communication is a key enabler in situations involving MTC. Past research has shown that some modifications to baseline cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) can achieve better out-of-band (OOB) suppression and enable asynchronous coexistence. Inspired by this research, we provide a real world example of coexistence using SDR. We demonstrate the ability to asynchronously transmitting waveforms in adjacent channels with very narrow guard bands in between, and still be able to receive and demodulate them with low error vector magnitude (EVM) and low bit error rate (BER) that are comparable to the baseline CP-OFDM that uses synchronous communication.
Authors: Suranga Handagala (Northeastern University), Miriam Leeser (Northeastern University),
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The Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm has often been used to solve the assignment problem for spectrum sharing of Device-to-Device (D2D) links co-existing with traditional cellular users. We present a new incentive-based DA algorithm denoted as priced-DA or (p-DA) to improve reuse gains in scenarios where there are variations in the number of cellular users and D2D links and when there are variations in the length of the preference lists. Interference coordination is implemented by jointly considering power and admission control based on the inter-distances between participating devices. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the advantages achieved and the performance of the presented p-DA technique in comparison to other more traditional approaches.
Authors: Idayat Sanusi (University of Greenwich), Karim Nasr (University of Greenwich), Klaus Moessner (Information Technology, Technical University Chemnitz, Germany),
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Intelligent transportation is an important component of future smart cities, and electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs) are envisioned to be the main form of transportation because EAVs can save energy, protect the environment, and improve service efficiency. With limited vehicle-specific energy storage capacity and overall constraint in the smart grid's electric load, we propose a novel intelligent management scheme to jointly schedule the travel and charging activities of the EAV fleet in one geographical area. This scheme not only schedules EAVs to meet the passengers' requests but also explores the matching problem between the energy requirement of EAVs and the deployment of charging piles in smart cities. We minimize the total cruise energy consumption of EAVs under the condition of limited energy supply while guaranteeing the quality-of-service (QoS). Network Calculus (NC) is extended to model the electric traffic flow in this paper. With the real-world electric taxi data in Beijing, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve substantial energy reduction and remarkable improvements in both the order completion rate and utilization rate of the charging stations.
Authors: Yingzhu Ren (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Qimei Cui (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Xiyu Zhao (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Yingze Wang (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Xueqing Huang (New York Institute of Technology), Wei Ni (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation),
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The ongoing 5G evolution transforming network from connectivity driven to service dominant logic will impact the stakeholder roles, ecosystem and business models. Systemic change will lower the barriers to entry and expand the ecosystem to new roles such as local operators, edge cloud services providers and resource aggregators and agents. Spectrum regulation has traditionally acted as a gate keeper of the mobile service provisioning, and lately national authorities have reacted via allocating new frequency bands and considering novel flexible spectrum administration and management methods and tools. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent spectrum regulation decisions for mobile communication networks and shows how local licensing, spectrum sharing, and unlicensed commons approaches work as novel business model antecedent. The study analyzes key spectrum antecedents for the open ecosystemic business model value configuration.
Authors: Seppo Yrjölä (Nokia), Pekka Ojanen (Co-Worker Technology Finland),
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Mobile communication research is increasingly addressing the use of 5G in verticals, which has led to the emergence of local 5G network deployment models. At the same time, research on 6G has started, with a bold goal of building a strong linkage with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). These developments call for a highly multi-disciplinary approach covering business, regulation and technology perspectives. This paper summarizes recent advances on 5G in verticals and describes a path towards sustainable 6G considering business, regulation and technology viewpoints. This research portrays four alternative scenarios for 6G business, considering regulatory and technology aspects. By focusing on key trends, uncertainties and interactions, the paper generates future perspectives within which 6G business strategies were developed and assessed. Results indicate that to reach some of the preferred sustainable futures, we should attend to the privacy and security issues related to business and regulation needs: public, corporate, community, and human perspectives on and aims of governance; ecosystem configuration related to users, decentralized business models, and platforms; user empowerment; and the role of service location-specificity. Our findings indicate that business ecosystems that aim to bring together stakeholders to solve systemic sustainability problems will require open ecosystem-focused value configuration and decentralized power configuration.
Authors: Marja Matinmikko (University of Oulu), Seppo Yrjölä (Nokia; University of Oulu), Petri Ahokangas (Oulu Business School, Oulu, Finland),
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